...using a two-stroke, “in-out”, AC homopolar device, which scientists at NASA or universities worldwide seem not to have considered before 

Humans on Earth desperately need to find a way to travel more easily and safely through space, to the Moon or nearby planets, rather than by using explosive chemical rockets. For that reason, many skilled scientists have tried to develop “ion propulsion” space drives. Yet all of the prototypes, as presently being tested, remain very low in thrust, and not nearly powerful enough to send human passengers for long journeys through space (see www.nasa.gov or mars-thruster-design-breaks-records or www.youtube.com). Their current levels of thrust are about the same as a “gentle wind” which might blow against a “sheet of paper”.  

The primary reason why current “ion thrusters” are so low in thrust, is because they work something like an ancient “sailing ship”. All current prototypes accelerate a dilute stream of heavy, charged ions between two large plates (or “sails”) of positive versus negative charge, in order to give them sufficient kinetic energy to push the spacecraft forward, by Newton’s law of action and reaction.  

By contrast, most powerful motors which have been accepted for widespread use on Earth (such as the steam engine or internal combustion engine) use “two strokes”. In a first step, some propellant (say water or petrol) is added to a small chamber where it is heated, compressed and/or ignited (somewhat like “blowing up a balloon”). Then in a second step, the heated, compressed or ignited propellant is released explosively through a small nozzle (like for a jet engine). This moves the motor or aircraft forward with tremendous thrust.  

A new principle of classical electromagnetism: the “AC homopolar disc” or “AC Hall effect”   

How can we make any progress on this important subject? Well, the mysterious E.T. “crop artists” seem to have shown us repeatedly, in dozens of pictures since 1991, a new principle of classical electromagnetism which could be used to improve our methods of “ion propulsion”, that has not been considered yet by scientists here on Earth. I certainly did not “invent” this new principle! Rather I noticed it over and over again, while studying modern crop pictures from 1991 to 2016, as possible “technical diagrams” which may have been drawn with the intent to teach us new technologies. This new principle might be called the “AC homopolar disc” or “AC Hall effect”.  

How does it work? First let us study how an ordinary “DC homopolar disk” works!  

In order to understand this new principle, first we should study how an ordinary “DC homopolar disc” or “DC Hall effect” works. Basically if you spin a conductive copper or aluminium disc over a permanent North-South magnet, or over a DC electromagnet, this will generate a radial electric field from the centre of the spinning disc to its outer edges in all directions. For example, in one possible case, negatively-charged electrons which are spinning along with that conductive disc, and perpendicular to a North-South magnetic field, will experience a “Lorentz force” which tries to curve them out toward the perimeter of the disc, thereby leaving positively-charged “holes” near its centre. The radial electric field in this case will be - / + / - . Next if we attach a “brush” somewhere along the outer perimeter of that spinning disc, and a “connecting wire” between the brush and its central axis of spin, electrons will flow strongly from the centre to the outside (see www.youtube.com or www.youtube.com).  

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