Download PDF

Story at-a-glance

• UTIs are one of the most overdiagnosed conditions in U.S. medicine, especially in seniors who often receive antibiotics without showing any infection symptoms
• Even in hospital settings, studies show overdiagnosis rates as high as 85% in some states, with three-quarters of patients labeled with UTIs lacking matching symptoms
• Many urine tests used to diagnose UTIs, such as checking for cloudy appearance or bacteria alone, are unreliable and often lead to unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions
• Bacteria in the urine without symptoms is common in older adults and catheter users, yet it’s frequently mistaken for infection and overtreated
• You can reduce your UTI risk by eliminating CAFO meats, especially CAFO chicken, which often contain UTI-causing E. coli, practicing better hygiene, using methylene blue, optimizing sun exposure, and grounding in the ocean to support cellular energy

A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection anywhere along the urinary system — typically the bladder. It’s usually characterized by burning during urination, pelvic pressure, an urgent need to urinate and cloudy or strong-smelling urine. But when those symptoms are absent, and doctors still prescribe antibiotics, the consequences are often serious.

Antibiotics disrupt the gut microbiome, leave patients vulnerable to new infections like C. diff and accelerate the rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Older adults are especially at risk of misdiagnosed UTIs, but anyone can be affected by this misdiagnosis epidemic.

Doctors Rely Too Heavily on Urine Tests and Miss the Bigger Picture

UTIs account for 10.5 million office visits and 3 million emergency room trips every year in the U.S., but their diagnosis is often inaccurate. Dr. Nick Schneeman, a career geriatrician, called attention to the medical habit of blaming a UTI every time an older person feels weak, confused or dizzy — without checking for more accurate causes or symptoms.

A urine test gets ordered almost immediately, he wrote in TIME, and if any bacteria show up in the sample, antibiotics are usually prescribed — even if the patient never had pain, urgency or frequent urination.1

• Misdiagnosis is widespread — More than half of all women will be told at some point that they have a UTI. But studies show overdiagnosis rates as high as 85% in certain states. In a 2020 study across 43 hospitals, three out of four patients labeled with a UTI had no symptoms that matched.2

• Older people are being treated for infections they don’t actually have — Many older adults already have harmless bacteria in their bladder and urine, which doesn’t require treatment. It’s not an infection — it’s just colonization. Further, collecting a clean urine sample is surprisingly difficult, especially for someone who’s bedridden or wears adult diapers. As a result, many are contaminated, yielding inaccurate results.

• Doctors are choosing speed over accuracy — Ordering a urine test is fast and easy — it’s often the first thing done in a hospital or clinic setting. But ease doesn't equal accuracy. Diagnosing based on a lab result without matching symptoms is flawed.

Hospitals Are Misdiagnosing UTIs and Creating Bigger Problems

A large multihospital study, published in BMJ Quality & Safety, revealed widespread overdiagnosis of UTIs in hospital settings.3 Researchers found that 27.8% of patients treated for UTIs were incorrectly diagnosed, meaning they received antibiotics without meeting the criteria for a true UTI.

• Most patients stayed on antibiotics even after the initial misdiagnosis — Of those incorrectly diagnosed, more than 80% continued to receive antibiotics on the third day of hospitalization — well past the 48- to 72-hour window when doctors are advised to reassess diagnoses.

This persistence in treatment despite insufficient evidence reflects what the authors called “diagnostic momentum,” where an initial diagnosis carries through unquestioned, even in the face of contradictory data.

• Overdiagnosis of UTIs was linked to overdiagnosis of pneumonia — In hospitals where UTI overdiagnosis rates were high, community-acquired pneumonia overdiagnosis rates were also elevated. This suggests a broader issue in how hospitals are managing infections — not just UTIs — based on incomplete or misinterpreted diagnostic cues.

• These findings raise concerns about hospital habits, not just individual error — The study identified hospital-level, institutional patterns rather than isolated incidents. These patterns expose patients to unnecessary medications and drive overtreatment at scale.

Some UTI Bacteria Are Learning How to Outsmart Antibiotics

A scientific review published in Nature Reviews Microbiology explained how certain strains of E. coli — the bacteria most often responsible for UTIs — are evolving in ways that make them stronger and more resistant to antibiotics.4 These are the same antibiotics many doctors still use as the first line of defense. But the bacteria are now learning to survive, even when the drugs are supposed to wipe them out.

• These bacteria stick to your bladder wall and build communities that protect them — Instead of floating around waiting to be flushed out, these bacteria use tiny hooks to grab onto the cells inside your bladder. Once attached, they start to multiply and build protective clusters, sort of like a fortress.

These clusters are called biofilms, and they help the bacteria resist both your immune system and antibiotics. That’s a big reason why some UTIs don’t go away with treatment or keep coming back.

• The more they’re exposed to antibiotics, the better they get at fighting them off — Some of these bacteria have even figured out how to share drug-fighting skills with each other. They do this by passing around bits of genetic code that tell them how to survive antibiotic attacks. Over time, this sharing makes more strains of UTI-causing bacteria harder to treat.

• New approaches are needed to treat UTIs without just using stronger antibiotics — Experts are now working on alternative treatments that don’t rely on trying to kill the bacteria directly.

For example, some research is focused on blocking the bacteria’s ability to stick to your bladder or build protective layers. Others are trying to stop them from hiding inside your cells. These strategies aim to weaken the bacteria instead of just blasting them with drugs, which could help prevent more antibiotic resistance in the future.

UTI Myths That Are Wasting Your Time and Damaging Your Health

Published in The Journal of Emergency Medicine, another review debunks myths about UTIs that mislead patients and providers.5 The paper explains that false assumptions — often taught during medical training — are leading to massive overtreatment with antibiotics. These include:

• Lab results alone shouldn’t drive treatment decisions — Doctors are often trained to start antibiotics when certain markers appear in urine tests — like white blood cells or nitrites. But the study makes it clear that none of these mean you have a UTI without matching symptoms. The authors wrote that urinalysis “should not be used alone to support a diagnosis of UTI or start antimicrobial therapy in any patient population.”

• Relying on smell, color or clarity of urine is unreliable — One cited study asked doctors to diagnose UTIs by looking at how cloudy a urine sample was. The results were terrible — diagnostic accuracy was barely above guessing. Another myth the paper breaks down is the idea that “foul-smelling” urine automatically signals infection.

According to the authors, that smell often has more to do with hydration level and diet than bacteria. Yet both patients and providers continue to treat these signs as if they’re meaningful.

• Bacteria in your urine is not the same as having an infection — The paper explains that many people — especially older adults — have bacteria in the urine, but no illness. This is common in catheter users and nursing home residents, and it doesn’t need antibiotics.

• Mental confusion and falls in the elderly are often blamed on UTIs, but wrongly so — When an older person gets confused or takes a fall, doctors often assume it’s from a urinary infection.

The review dismantles this assumption, stating that falls and cognitive changes are caused by many factors, like dehydration, low blood sugar or drug interactions. If a confused patient has bacteria in the urine but no fever, pain or other signs of infection, the authors recommend close monitoring instead of immediate antibiotics.

• Treating urine yeast is almost never needed — Another major myth busted by the paper is that yeast in the urine automatically needs antifungal treatment. The authors explain that this is common in catheterized patients, especially in hospitals. Unless the patient has a compromised immune system or specific symptoms, treating urine yeast is unnecessary — and often causes more harm by disrupting the microbiome.

Steps to Address the Root Causes of UTIs

If you’ve been struggling with frequent UTIs — or have been told you have one without symptoms like burning, urgency or pain — then it’s time to look deeper. These infections are often misdiagnosed, especially in older adults, and antibiotics are handed out without understanding the real cause.

That’s not only ineffective — it’s harmful. I want to walk you through five practical steps that tackle the underlying issues. This is how you move from treatment to prevention, and from frustration to clarity.

Whether you’re struggling with chronic symptoms, caring for an aging parent or simply want to avoid unnecessary medications, these tips will help protect your health from both misdiagnosis and drug-resistant infections.

1. Avoid eating meat from concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) — UTI-causing E. coli is introduced to your body from the food you eat, namely CAFO chicken, as well as CAFO pork and beef. Eliminate factory-farmed meats, especially chicken, from your diet to reduce exposure to antibiotic-resistant UTI strains. Instead, choose grass fed beef from farms that use regenerative practices.

If you do eat chicken, make sure it’s organic and pasture-raised — though I don’t recommend chicken at all due to its linoleic acid (LA) content.

2. Improve hygiene practices to stop bacteria before it spreads — Many infections begin with poor hygiene habits that seem harmless. Always wipe front to back after using the bathroom to avoid spreading bacteria from the rectal area to the urethra.

I also recommend using a bidet for a more thorough clean, especially if you’re prone to UTIs or taking care of someone who is. Stick to showers over baths. And before any sexual activity, wash up. That simple step helps prevent bacteria from entering the urinary tract.

3. Use methylene blue and cranberries to support natural defenses — Pharmaceutical-grade methylene blue is one of the most effective agents I’ve found to stop UTIs at the source. It enters your bladder via the kidneys and becomes concentrated enough to destroy harmful bacteria — without wiping out your entire microbiome the way antibiotics do.

For a UTI, the dosing is generally one 65-milligram tablet three times daily after meals with water — for only a few days. Combine this with whole cranberries or organic cranberry juice to help prevent bacteria from sticking to your urinary tract walls. These two together create a powerful defense.

4. Get sunlight the right way to boost your immune system — Sun exposure boosts your body’s cellular energy production, which you need to fight off infection. But here’s the catch — if you still have vegetable oils (like canola, soy or corn oil) in your diet, your skin is more prone to damage from ultraviolet (UV) light.

These oils accumulate in your skin and oxidize quickly in sunlight, damaging your DNA and making inflammation worse. That’s why I recommend removing vegetable oils from your diet for six months before spending time in direct sun between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. As your body clears the excess LA, you can safely increase your sun exposure to restore mitochondrial function and cellular energy.

5. Use ocean grounding instead of relying on polluted land sources — Grounding — making direct contact with the Earth — helps resolve reductive stress and restore cellular energy. But not all grounding is safe. In North America, the ground is often contaminated with electromagnetic pollution from power grids. Instead, go to the ocean.

Saltwater is a powerful conductor and the ocean gives you a stable connection to the Earth's natural electrical state, allowing an efficient transfer of surplus electrons back to the Earth.

Each of these steps puts control back in your hands — where it belongs. Whether you’re defending against superbugs or breaking free from the cycle of misdiagnosis, you have options. You just need to act on them.

FAQs About Urinary Tract Infections

Q: What causes most urinary tract infections to be misdiagnosed?

A: Many UTIs are misdiagnosed because health providers rely too heavily on urine tests or cloudy appearance instead of actual symptoms. In elderly patients, confusion or falls are often incorrectly blamed on UTIs, leading to unnecessary antibiotic use.

Q: How does CAFO meat contribute to UTIs?

A: Meat from CAFOs often contains drug-resistant E. coli due to widespread antibiotic use in animals. When you eat contaminated meat, these bacteria can colonize your gut and later cause UTIs that are difficult to treat.

Q: Why are antibiotics overprescribed for UTIs?

A: Antibiotics are frequently prescribed based on lab results alone, even when patients have no symptoms. This happens especially with older adults and catheter users, despite clear evidence that, in the absence of symptoms, bacteria in the urine doesn’t require treatment.

Q: What can I do to prevent recurring UTIs naturally?

A: Avoid CAFO meats, drink plenty of filtered water, wipe front to back and use a bidet. You can also add pharmaceutical-grade methylene blue and whole cranberries or cranberry juice to your routine to prevent bacteria from sticking to your urinary tract walls.

Q: How does sunlight and grounding help with UTIs?

A: Proper sun exposure improves cellular energy and immune function, which helps your body fight infections. Grounding in ocean water supports cellular balance and reduces stress, both of which aid in preventing recurrent UTIs.

Sources and References

• 1 TIME March 13, 2025
• 2 Open Forum Infect Dis. 2020 Nov 3;7(12):ofaa537
• 3 BMJ Qual Saf. 2022 Jan 5;31(5):383–386
• 4 Nat Rev Microbiol. 2015 Apr 8;13(5):269–284
• 5 The Journal of Emergency Medicine July 2016, Volume 51, Issue 1, Pages 25-30