Enhancing cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) has been recognized as a key factor in improving both physical and cognitive function, as well as reducing the risk of complications in surgical patients. In recent years, preoperative high-intensity interval training (HIIT) has emerged as a promising approach to optimize CRF and enhance surgical outcomes.

A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis, conducted by Kari Clifford et al. and published in JAMA Network Open, provides valuable insights into the efficacy of preoperative HIIT in improving CRF and reducing postoperative complications among adults undergoing major surgery. The study emphasizes the need for further research to refine HIIT protocols and maximize its benefits in prehabilitation programs.

Improving Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Surgical Outcomes

The systematic review encompassed 12 studies involving a total of 832 patients, examining the association between preoperative HIIT and changes in CRF and surgical outcomes. The meta-analysis demonstrated compelling evidence supporting the effectiveness of HIIT in improving preoperative CRF and reducing postoperative complications. Notably, HIIT was found to be significantly associated with increased peak oxygen consumption (V?o2 peak), improved performance in the 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT), higher anaerobic threshold, and increased peak power output. Additionally, patients who underwent preoperative HIIT experienced a substantial reduction in postoperative complications compared to those receiving standard care.

Lead author Kari Clifford highlights the significance of the findings, stating, “The results of our meta-analysis suggest that preoperative HIIT may be beneficial for surgical populations by improving exercise capacity and reducing postoperative complications. Integrating HIIT into prehabilitation programs before major surgery can have a profound impact on patient outcomes.”