Russia’s war of attrition grinds on as Ukraine runs out of men and ammo

 

By Sergey Poletaev, information analyst and publicist, co-founder and editor of the Vatfor project. 

Vatfor project

A Russian serviceman of the Tsentr (Centre) group of forces prepares shells for a BM-21 Grad multiple rocket launcher at a position in the Krasnoarmeysk (Pokrovsk) sector of the frontline amid Russia's military operation in Ukraine. © Sputnik / Evgeny Biyatov / Sputnik

In our previous pieces, we examined Donald Trump’s half-hearted attempts to cast himself as a deus ex machina, descending to end the conflict between Russia and Ukraine. Peace did not follow. Trump, boxed in by political inertia, continued Biden’s policy of disengagement while trying to dump the Ukrainian problem on Western Europe – just as we predicted back in January.

Its leaders weren’t prepared. While Macron and Starmer formed coalitions of the willing and delivered lofty speeches, Germany quietly picked up the tab. Berlin, under its new chancellor, has shown more flexibility, but the broader Western European strategy remains unchanged: keep Washington bankrolling Ukraine at all costs. That plan is now crumbling. Trump is slipping away, and without a dramatic turn of events, no new major aid packages should be expected from the US.

This is not hard to understand. Other global crises are emerging, and the depleted American arsenal cannot serve everyone at once. In both Ukraine and across Western Europe, people are adjusting to what once seemed unthinkable: a slow but steady US withdrawal. These European leaders must now decide whether to carry the burden alone or accept a settlement on Moscow’s terms – conceding Ukraine from their sphere of influence.

But neither Kiev nor its immediate sponsors is ready for serious negotiations. Why would they be? Ukraine believes it can hold without American backing. Russian oil revenues have dipped, the ruble is under pressure, and Moscow has taken hits in the Middle East and Caucasus. Perhaps, they reason, Putin will come begging in another year or two.

Let’s fight, then.

 

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 Russia is bleeding Ukraine’s defenses. Slowly, deliberately, everywhere

Amid this political theater, the war itself has faded into the background. For many observers, the front lines seem frozen in time – village names flicker in and out of headlines, lines shift, but the broader picture holds.

It’s a difficult situation for military analysts. They are forced to generate drama from attritional warfare. One day, headlines declare the Lugansk Peoples Republic fully liberated (a few villages remain contested). The next, we hear of Russian forces entering the Dnepropetrovsk region (true in a narrow sense – they crossed a small corner in a broader encirclement maneuver around Pokrovsk).

None of this, however, alters the core dynamic. Both sides are largely following the same strategies as a year ago. For Russia, the aim remains clear: exhaust Ukrainian forces until they can no longer defend. The goal isn’t to seize a specific line, but to break the enemy’s army.

Russia has pursued this with steady, grinding pressure. Last winter, Moscow shifted from large mechanized thrusts to small, flexible assault groups. Instead of smashing through defenses, these units infiltrate after prolonged bombardment from artillery, drones, and air power. The results aren’t flashy, but the goal is cumulative. The summer campaign began in May; we’ll see its full effect by late summer or even winter.

This mirrors the pattern of 2024, when Russian forces made their biggest gains in October and November, capturing several cities in Donetsk with minimal resistance – Novogrodovka, Ugledar, Selidovo, Kurakhovo.

The key question now is scale: can Russia turn these tactical wins into a full collapse of Ukrainian lines?

The answer depends in part on the weakened state of Ukraine’s forces. By spring, Kiev had fewer armored vehicles, fewer Western shipments, and fewer elite units. The best troops were spent in the failed Kursk push and are now stuck holding Sumy. But the gravest issue is manpower. The supply of volunteers has dried up. Ukraine’s army now relies on forced conscription – the so-called “busified.”

 

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And the results are telling. In just the first half of this year, Ukraine recorded over 107,000 criminal cases for desertion – 20% more than in all of 2024, and nearly half of the total since the war began. That’s only the official count; the real number is undoubtedly higher.

Desertion is now the Ukrainian army’s leading cause of losses. Draft officers are hated, and civilians fear being dragged into vans and thrown to the front. Power outages have lessened, and life behind the lines is almost normal. But the threat of forced mobilization looms. In a telling detail, real soldiers now mark their cars with “not TCR” to avoid attacks from angry civilians. 

So how does Ukraine still hold the line?

The answer is drones.

As we’ve reported before, the drone war is reshaping military doctrine. Both sides now operate in a battlefield dominated by constant aerial surveillance – Mavic or Matrice drones scouting every move, FPV drones striking within minutes. 

In such conditions, defense holds the upper hand. Any movement in the “zero zone” or rear is dangerous. No one has yet found a reliable way to break through such defenses quickly. It’s a slow war of attrition.

While Russia refines its assault tactics, Ukraine has focused on entrenching its drone defenses. Its latest move is the introduction of “kill zones” – defensive belts 10 to 15km deep, controlled primarily by UAVs, not artillery. The idea is to neutralize Russia’s air and artillery superiority, turning Ukrainian defenses into no-go areas.

 

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This strategy requires fewer troops. All Ukraine needs is a small, motivated core and a huge stock of drones – and in this area, they’ve seen success. Defense Express reports Ukraine’s domestic drone output has increased tenfold over the past year and may hit 2.4 million units in 2025. 

But there’s a catch. For all their talk of modern warfare, Kiev still craves spectacle. What we call “military actionism” has become a political necessity. To maintain Western support and boost public morale, Ukrainian leaders pursue headline-grabbing offensives. Last year’s incursion into the Kursk region is a prime example – an operation that ultimately drained resources from the Donbass and weakened Ukraine’s main front.

If Kiev avoids such distractions this year and focuses on defense, it will strengthen its position. But that’s a big “if.”

As of mid-July, the 2025 summer campaign is in full swing. Ukraine withstood the initial May assaults, but the front is still moving. Russian strikes on rear infrastructure have intensified. The rate of Ukrainian attrition is now estimated to be three times higher than a year ago.

In the coming months, we’ll see which model prevails: Russia’s methodical offensive, or Ukraine’s drone-based defense. If the front stalls, Kiev lives to fight another year. But if Russian forces punch through, 2025 may mark the end of Ukraine as we know it.

 

This article was first published by Russia in Global Affairs, translated and edited by the RT team